Dual use and responsible research: ethical challenges' took place at the Karolinska Institute in Stockholm from the 14th to the 17th of November 2018. This workshop showcased the interdisciplinary nature of not only the HBP itself, but the dual use of brain science and the societal impacts this may have. Hence, the purpose of the workshop was to offer a space for discussing both the disciplinary aspects of the HBP, such as neuroscience and medicine, and the wider interdisciplinary aspects such as dual-use and responsible research and innovation (RRI). In order to engage as wide a range of students and researchers as possible with these topics, the workshop was open to all. With lectures covering topics such as the fascinating chemistry behind drug addiction and the revolutionary technology CRISPR that enables geneticists and medical researchers to edit parts of a genome, the interest in the workshop was high.